Updates in the Management of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest
ACEP Now
JULY 7, 2023
However, between four and five percent of cases of VT or VF will be refractory to standard management, with nonperfusing arrhythmia persisting despite repeated shocks. Initial guidelines defined “refractory” as VT or VF occurring despite three shocks from a cardiac defibrillator. Resuscitation. Resuscitation. Circulation.
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