IV fluids in the ED: When do we really need them?
EMDocs
JANUARY 20, 2025
1,2 For hypervolemia in heart failure patients, orthopnea >2 pillows is the most reliable clinical finding, 3,4 though an increase in peripheral edema and increased weight can be useful as well. For patients who are elderly, orthostasis is an unreliable clinical finding and may be present in the absence of dehydration.
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