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Chemical burns are a unique subset of burns that require specialised management due to the nature of the substances involved. The majority of acid burns cause coagulative necrosis and cytotoxicity leading to skin and mucosal changes that limit deeper injury. Keep the patient warm using force air warmers such as Bairhugger.
Today on the emDOCs cast with Brit Long, MD ( @long_brit) , we cover the evaluation and management of the patient with a burn injury. Episode 103: Thermal Burn Injury Initial evaluation of thermal burns Range of burn severities and types: minor sunburns to full thickness burns and severe inhalation injury.
Fluid management in the Emergency Department (ED) is crucial in the adequate resuscitation of the acutely ill and decompensating patient. Patients present to the ED with hypovolemia secondary to a plethora of causessome requiring IV fluidresuscitation and others requiring none. AtherlyJohn et al.
Some special patients (burns and trauma) were not described in the study. Lack of fluid monitoring throughout the PICU stay led to underreporting of MODS resulting from late-onset FO. Sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in children, and fluidresuscitation is a key treatment strategy. Why does it matter?
Up to 5% of burns occur secondary to electrical injuries, and this rises to 27% in developing countries. Significant injuries can occur even in the absence of extensive burns or other signs of external injury. Children, especially toddlers, may insert objects into outlets, leading to shocks or burns.
Per EMS, the patient was found at the bottom of a high voltage line with diffuse burns and amputation of his left forearm. FIGURE 1: Electrical burns of the patient’s bilateral feet. FIGURE 2: Traumatic amputation and electrical burn of the patient’s left arm. He was intubated by EMS due to the extent of his injuries.
Flood syndrome- start fluids, give antibiotics, consult surgery. Be careful with fluidresuscitation in renal transplant patients who can be at risk for volume overload. Of note, HTS is more effective in trauma patients because it is used as a resuscitativefluid as well.
Nachi: Each year, in the US, approximately 10,000 patients present with electrical burns or shocks. You’re probably familiar with this concept when you see high voltages arcing through the air without direct contact with the actual electrical source, leading to diffuse burns. Most electrical injuries present with burns to the skin.
million fires in 2020, with some studies quoting over 500,000 emergency room visits annually for burn and inhalation injuries (4). Because of this high number of visits, it is important for ED physicians to have a broad knowledge base for treating chemical inhalation injuries as well as fire and smoke related injuries.
1,2 For hypervolemia in heart failure patients, orthopnea >2 pillows is the most reliable clinical finding, 3,4 though an increase in peripheral edema and increased weight can be useful as well. 6-8 In patients who are on long-term hemodialysis, typical non-invasive signs of volume assessment seem to be unreliable as well.
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