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Cerebral Edema and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Rebaked

Pediatric EM Morsels

The exact mechanism is not known… It was previously believed that it was due to rapid changes in serum osmolality during initial fluid resuscitation. Factors associated with adverse outcomes in children with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema. or serum bicarbonate between 11-17 mmol/L Moderate : venous pH < 7.2

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ToxCard: Iron

EMDocs

In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated unit-dose packaging for all iron-containing products with more than 30 milligrams of elemental iron. 7 Workup other than serum iron concentration at 4 hours after ingestion not shown to accurately predict clinical outcomes or severity of toxicity. Antiemetics as needed.

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Congestive Heart Failure and Sepsis: A Closer Look at Fluid Management

RebelEM

For those with sepsis, the administration of intravenous fluids (IVF) at the volumes recommended in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) requires careful consideration of an individual’s chronic medical conditions and subsequent sensitivity to IVF. Studies without a clear timeframe for fluid administration.

Sepsis 118
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Adjunctive Methylene Blue in Septic Shock?

RebelEM

Judicious fluid resuscitation is indicated in patients with signs of hypo perfusion but is often inadequate necessitating the administration of vasoactive medications. At the most severe end, this includes endothelial dysfunction leading to increased vascular permeability, abnormal nitric oxide metabolism, and vasodilation (i.e.

Shock 145
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Trauma Resuscitation Updates

RebelEM

vs 3U) but no difference in mortality (Study not powered for this outcome) Clinical Take Home Point: The use of vasopressors is controversial and requires a nuanced approach SUMMARY OF MINIMIZING IATROGENIC INJURY RESTORE PERFUSION VOLUME REPLACEMENT Blood Products >>> Crystalloids Holcomb JB et al. NEJM 1994. [2] NEJM 1994. [2]

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Less is More. Again: Speed of IV Fluid Administration in Pancreatitis (WATERFALL Trial)

RebelEM

There are also potential harms to large volume fluid resuscitation including progression of pancreatitis and fluid overload with or without respiratory failure. Though the initial recommendation for aggressive fluid resuscitation was not based on substantial evidence, clinicians have been slow to pivot away from this approach.

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EM@3AM: Stercoral Colitis

EMDocs

If sepsis or septic shock is present, aggressive fluid resuscitation and empiric antibiotics covering intra-abdominal flora should be administered. Therefore, administration of IV morphine (A) would not be recommended. Fecal Impaction and Nonperforated Stercoral Colitis: Red Flags for Poor Outcomes. Mathis, K.

EMS 94