The Skeptics' Guide to EM

MAY 15, 2021

Daniel Schwerin is employed with Prisma Health-Upstate as a clinical assistant professor, emergency medicine GME director for emergency medical services and medical director for several local EMS agencies and has lectured on prehospital stroke management. Background: We have discussed stroke so many times on the SGEM.

Stroke 52

Stroke EMS Outcomes 52

Emergency Medicine Cases

JANUARY 29, 2019

In this EM Cases main episode podcast, a follow up to our episode on TIA released in November 2018 with Walter Himmel and David Dushenski, we’ll try to simplify the confusing time-based and brain tissue-based options for stroke management. Which patients should be considered for lytic therapy? and many more.

Stroke 52

Stroke EMS 52

RebelEM

AUGUST 22, 2024

What They Did: Retrospective review of consecutive RAO cases managed as part of a remote ophthalmology consult protocol activated on May 1, 2021, at three stroke centers across a health system. The protocol involved collaboration between the ophthalmology service, ED, and stroke service, including neurology and neuroendovascular teams.

Stroke 85

Stroke Administration Outcomes Documentation/Coding 85

Sensible Medicine

JUNE 17, 2024

Stroke occurred in 7 patients (0.12%). Proponents wrote back in 2018 that longer-term safety studies are needed that specifically assess…”cerebral microemboli assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.” We really can’t say much about safety when only 600 patients are randomized. There is enough, though, to worry.

Shock 123

Shock Stroke Operations Ultrasounds 123

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

OCTOBER 3, 2020

Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA. NEJM […] The post SGEM#303: Two Can Make It – Less likely to have another stroke but more likely to have a bleed (THALES Trial) first appeared on The Skeptics Guide to Emergency Medicine. Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA.

Stroke 40

Stroke Emergency Department Research Wellness 40

EMDocs

JANUARY 29, 2024

This article will discuss blood pressure goals and preferred pharmacotherapy for non-traumatic ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Ischemic Strokes: Ischemic stroke is characterized by a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain. The BP targets for patients with ischemic strokes depend on the available therapeutic options.

Stroke 73

Stroke Outcomes EMS Seizures 73

PulmCCM

NOVEMBER 11, 2021

To focus matters, the hemodynamic variable under consideration is the stroke volume [SV]; in other words, how does a push of phenylephrine affect SV? ’ Diminished stroke volume? In the former group, stroke index [i.e., SV] increased significantly, while in the latter group, stroke index fell in response to phenylephrine.

Stroke 40

Stroke Sepsis Administration Wellness 40

RebelEM

SEPTEMBER 7, 2023

BACKGROUND: intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) makes up 10-15% of all strokes and significantly contributes to overall stroke-related morbidity and mortality ( Hostettler 2019 ). About 30% of patients experience early seizures within seven days following the onset of a stroke ( Peter-Derex 2022 ). Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Seizures 133

Seizures Stroke Outcomes Research 133

RebelEM

MARCH 8, 2023

CRAO is a stroke of the eye; patients should be considered for a complete stroke work up. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2018 (Ch) 61: p. CRAO is a stroke of the eye; patients should be considered for a complete stroke work up. Take Home Points: Assess patients with floaters or flashers for retinal or vitreous detachment.

Stroke 52

Stroke Emergency Department Ultrasounds Outcomes 52

PulmCCM

JULY 10, 2023

A 2018 meta-analysis reviewed here suggested that prolonged infusion of antipseudomonal beta-lactams reduced mortality by 30% compared with shorter infusions, and more observational data has accumulated since that time. There’s a period of time after ischemic stroke when damaged cerebral blood vessels are susceptible to bleeding.

Stroke 52

Stroke Sepsis Infectious Diseases Outcomes 52

ACEP Now

JULY 7, 2023

Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2018 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: A report from the American Heart Association. References Tsao CW, et al.

Resuscitation 98

Resuscitation Shock Stroke Hospitals 98

Pediatric EM Morsels

JULY 21, 2023

cats and dogs have their own GCS scores [Lapsley 2019, Ash 2018] Moral of the Morsel Modified can make it Merrier! 2018 Jun;128(6):1612-1620. 2018): 192–200. Fun fact for animal lovers!- Part 1: The GCS-Pupils score: an extended index of clinical severity. J Neurosurg. 2008 Apr;39(4):1347-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.498345.

Head Injuries 246

Head Injuries Pediatrics Outcomes Shock 246

Don't Forget the Bubbles

JULY 5, 2023

The Kilifi algorithm includes five clinical situations that are common sickle cell presentations – clinical jaundice, severe anaemia, bone and joint infections, and stroke. What is the role of transcranial dopplers in primary prevention of strokes? What strategies are useful for secondary stroke prevention?

Blood Transfusions 126

Blood Transfusions Stroke Dehydration Sepsis 126

Downeast Emergency Medicine

OCTOBER 1, 2021

TNK is easier to prepare and administer (a rapid, single-bolus) which may mean faster door-to-needle times and faster door-in-door-out times for transport (and hopefully translate into less disability after stroke). AHA/ASA Guidelines: 2018: “Tenecteplase administered as a 0.4-mg/kg Holmes, MD References NOR-TEST Lancet Neurology.

Stroke 52

Stroke Administration Outcomes 52

RebelEM

JANUARY 29, 2024

JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018. in the paper but 2.7% to ≈0.99 (p<0.001) Mean MPI/Tei Index≈ 0.47 in the paper but 2.7% to ≈0.99 (p<0.001) Mean MPI/Tei Index≈ 0.47 to 4.0mg/hr typically given in EKOS therapy (See Below). PMID: 30025734 Sharifi M et al. Moderate Pulmonary Embolism Treated with thrombolysis (from the “MOPETT” Trial).

Stroke 137

Stroke Outcomes Hospitals Administration 137

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

NOVEMBER 7, 2018

[display_podcast] Date: November 6th , 2018 Reference: Sprigg et al. 2018 Guest Skeptic: Dr. Robert Edmonds is an emergency physician in the US Air Force in Virginia. display_podcast] Date: November 6th , 2018 Reference: Sprigg et al. This is Bob’s eighth visit to the SGEM. This is Bob’s eighth visit to the SGEM.

Stroke 40

Stroke Outcomes 40

ACEP Now

OCTOBER 9, 2023

The concept of rapid assessment for heart attacks and strokes is not foreign to the general public, but these emergencies do not include rapid destruction of clothing, private examinations performed in front of audiences, or a quick succession of invasive procedures. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2018. 2017;152(9):843.

Resuscitation 126

Resuscitation Research Stroke Emergency Department 126

Sensible Medicine

SEPTEMBER 23, 2024

In 2018, three modern trials comparing asa vs placebo for primary prevention were published. The rate of the composite primary outcome of CV death, MI, unstable angina, stroke or transient attack was 4.29% with asa vs 4.48% with placebo. This was one of the trials that got aspirin use established as a preventive medicine.

Stroke 91

Stroke Academics Outcomes Shock 91

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

MAY 23, 2020

Endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous alteplase in acute stroke. Endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous alteplase in acute stroke. Background: The issue of thrombolytics for stroke has been debated since at least 1995. Date: May 19th, 2020 Reference: Yang P et al.

Stroke 40

Stroke EMS Administration Wellness 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 5, 2024

But the duration of symptoms was prolonged and so to avoid the risk of stroke, AV nodal blockade (rate control) was preferred. We want to avoid a stroke. They chose to give adenosine, and this is what happened: Adenosine to verify flutter: flutter waves made obvious Not actually from this case. What AV nodal blocker should we give?

EKG/ECG 96

EKG/ECG Stroke Administration Wellness 96

RebelEM

FEBRUARY 29, 2024

3, 6 Among patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI), the risk may be as high as 28%-76% and 23%-60%, respectively. Post-stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tanaffos 2018 , 17 (2), 110-116. 4, 8 Paper: Dahyot-Fizelier, C., Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014 , 35 (8), 915-936. Westendorp, W.

CDC 126

CDC Outcomes Radiology Radiology 126

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 18, 2024

This could be easily overlooked since there is complete heart block, but recognizing the atrial arrhythmia may mean prescribing anticoagulation to prevent stroke. The January 30, 2018 post — for PTA. In this case, it is atrial fibrillation. The September 22, 2019 post — intermittent ST-T wave artifact.

EKG/ECG 90

EKG/ECG Stroke 90

Northwestern EM Blog

JUNE 16, 2024

The most common symptoms include: Lightheadedness Syncope Chest pain Exercise intolerance Fatigue **Important note: The heart rate at which patients experience symptoms may vary based on their ability to increase stroke volume. Joglar, J. Marine, J. McLeod, C. Patton, K. Pellegrini, C. Selzman, K. Thompson, A., & Varosy, P.

Hyperthermia / Hypothermia 52

Hyperthermia / Hypothermia Infectious Diseases Stroke Poisoning 52

Mind The Bleep

JANUARY 11, 2024

Investigations include fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography. American Academy of Ophthalmology. National Institue for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Guidance NG136. GP notebook. Hypertension (malignant).

Stroke 52

Stroke Hospitals 52

Mind The Bleep

JANUARY 9, 2024

myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, stroke ) and microvascular (e.g., Overview Diabetes mellitus can cause both macrovascular (e.g., nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) complications. Diabetic Retinopathy detection through integration of Deep Learning classification framework. 10.1101/225508.

Stroke 52

Stroke Research 52

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

APRIL 6, 2019

He reports he has been taking apixaban to prevent stroke in the context of atrial fibrillation, which you easily recognize as one of the modern oral anti-Factor Xa inhibitors. The FDA granted accelerated approval for andexanet alfa (Andexxa) in May of 2018. You order a non-contrast CT to rule out hemorrhage.

Stroke 52

Stroke Administration EMS Wellness 52

RebelEM

JUNE 26, 2023

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018. Severe acute traumatic coagulopathy = PT >1.5 to 3.33; P = 0.72 NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT Also no difference in individual components given Thromboembolic Events: 4F-PCC: 35% Placebo: 24% Absolute Diff: 11%; 95% CI 1 to 21% Relative Risk 1.48; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.10; P = 0.03 Lancet Haematol 2017.

Administration 145

Administration Outcomes Resuscitation Radiology 145

Taming the SRU

APRIL 3, 2023

Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy 1 in 30,000 pregnancies 800 maternal deaths globally Rates have nearly doubled between 1989 and 2009 Survival to hospital discharge after maternal in-hospital cardiac arrest 58.9%

Blood Transfusions 40

Blood Transfusions Fluid Resuscitation Resuscitation Stroke 40

Sensible Medicine

FEBRUARY 28, 2024

JMM Although the skeptical cardiologist questions the value of many procedures and diagnostic tests in cardiology, he remains an enthusiastic advocate of the use of coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing to better personalize each individual's risk of heart attack and stroke.

Stroke 44

Stroke Documentation/Coding Outcomes Wellness 44

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

MAY 24, 2019

Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel for acute high risk transient ischaemic attack and minor ischaemic stroke: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ Dec 2018 * Feld et al. Pediatrics Dec 2018 * Frey et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Maintenance Intravenous Fluids in Children.

Domestic Violence 40

Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Research Diabetic Emergencies 40

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

SEPTEMBER 21, 2019

In uncomplicated patients with symptoms less than 48 hours and no stroke or TIA in the past six months, the 2018 Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) guidelines permit rate or rhythm control (2).

Emergency Department 52

Emergency Department Stroke Academics Shock 52

Don't Forget the Bubbles

JUNE 30, 2023

Again, there was no increase in thrombotic stroke in the TXA group – TXA looks safe. published in 2018, looked at 1900 matched pairs of injured children under 12, half of whom received TXA. 2018 Dec;19(12):e637-e642. in the TXA group vs 53.7% in the placebo group). This study moves trauma care beyond just ‘survival’.

Head Injuries 145

Head Injuries Seizures Outcomes Pediatrics 145

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 30, 2023

IV fluids for more preload are indicated, but not too much, as the RV can be overloaded with fluid, cause the septum to bow into the LV, and then harm LV stroke volume and cardiac output, leading to worsening hypotension, worse RV perfusion, worse RV function, and more RV failure. For review — GO TO: The June 4, 2018 post ( LA-LL reversal ).

Shock 82

Shock EKG/ECG Academics Stroke 82

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

MARCH 13, 2021

Fast forward to 2018 and the validation of the Ottawa SAH Rule by Dr. Perry and his group. Dr. Perry did publish a prospective implementation of the Ottawa SAH Rule ( Stroke 2019 ). This is defined as at least three or more episodes over the course of at least six months.

Stroke 40

Stroke Emergency Department EMS Outcomes 40

Pediatric Education

SEPTEMBER 3, 2023

There is no positive association for deep venous thrombosis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, stroke and no abnormalities of growth parameters in the pediatric population. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-06-848705 Naik RP, Smith-Whitley K, Hassell KL, et al. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2016;13(11):1-28. Pecker LH, Naik RP. 2018;132(22):2331-2338.

Dehydration 40

Dehydration Hyperthermia / Hypothermia Pediatrics Military 40

EMDocs

JULY 20, 2023

Pre-stroke disability had to be insignificant measured by mRS (modified Rankin Scale) of 0 or 1. Presentation consistent with diagnosis of an acute ischemic stroke, with the patient meeting criteria of: Failing IV t-PA therapy; OR Patient is contraindicated for IV t-PA administration. Life expectancy had to be 6 months or greater.

Stroke 72

Stroke Outcomes Head Injuries Psychiatric 72

ACEP Now

APRIL 2, 2024

8,9 There is one case of a 17-year-old who died from acute cerebellar stroke after participating in the “One Chip Challenge” (eating a capsaicin infused food chip as a game) that prompted Hershey Co. 2018:bcr-2017- 224085. Capsaicin pepper exposures send about 300-350 people to the hospital annually. to recall the product.

Burns 40

Burns Poisoning Seizures Stroke 40