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ToxCard: Iron

EMDocs

Blood transfusion for clinically significant blood loss. 5 Consider exchange transfusion in addition to deferoxamine for serum iron concentrations greater than 1000 g/dL, or those who clinically deteriorate despite supportive care and chelation. Published 2012 Jul 1. 2012 Aug;39(8):719-24. PMID: 15939855.

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Tools you should use: Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale

PEMBlog

There is a validated Pediatric Stroke Scale from the NIH that can be used in conjunction with a stroke protocol that involves Neurology, Radiology, and a local/regional Stroke Team. Retrospective use has been shown to be valid and reliable in one cross-sectional study ( Beslow 2012 ).This

Stroke 59
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Trauma Resuscitation Updates

RebelEM

Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Controlled Hemorrhage in Rats: Quest for the Optimal Mean Arterial Blood Pressure After Whole Fresh Donor Blood Resuscitation. Shock 2012. The Role of Whole Blood Transfusions in Civilian Trauma: A Review of Literature in Military and Civilian Trauma. Ann Emerg Med. Cureus 2022.

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Episode 16: “Blood”

PHEM Cast

Priorities for the bleeding trauma patient must include: Minimum time to control of bleeding (tourniquets / haemostatics / knife / interventional radiology) Normothermia Appropriate choice of destination (knife / IR) ? Prehospital transfusion of plasma and red blood cells in trauma patients. .: J Trauma Acute Care Surg.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage: ED presentation, evaluation, and management

EMDocs

10,11 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not recommended as a primary imaging modality for the diagnosis of SAH due to test duration (which can delay life-saving interventions), as well as the fact that the mixing of blood with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may delay the transition of hemoglobin to its deoxyhemoglobin state that is best imaged on MRI.